新生儿先天性膈疝死亡危险因素分析

目的 探讨导致先天性膈疝（congenital diaphragmatic hernia,CDH）死亡的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析近10年来诊断明确的37例CDH患儿,分析其临床特点和危险因素,利用非条件多元回归进行死亡危险因素分析.结果 37例患儿中有29例进行了手术,其中CDH总病死率为32.4％（12/37）,手术病死率为13.8％ （4/29）.存活组（25例）与死亡组（12例）间,在出生体重[（3.12±0.41）kg vs （2.66±0.65） kg]、住院年龄[（135.14 ±209.71）h vs （6.67 ±7.79）h]、住院时间[（16.52±6.23）d vs （1.25 ±1.38）d]、氧合指数[（239.55±115.95） mmHg vs （96.10±59.18） mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa]、早期产前诊断（3例vs 6例）、右侧膈疝（1例vs 4例）、心脏畸形（2例vs 6例）和持续性肺动脉高压（3例vs 7例）等差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.通过多元回归分析,CDH的死亡危险因素分别为产前诊断（OR=20.97,95％ CI 1.60～ 275.78）,低氧合指数（OR=18.12,95％ CI 0.80 ～ 123.12）和心脏畸形（OR=22.0,95％CI 1.46～332.32）.结论 CDH有较高的病死率,死亡危险因素为产前诊断、低氧合指数和心脏畸形.     

Neonatal sepsis as a risk factor for neurodevelopmental changes in preterm infants with very low birth weight

Objectiveto evaluate neonatal sepsis as a risk factor for abnormal neuromotor and cognitive development in very low birth weight preterm infants at 12 months of corrected age.Methodsthis was a prospective cohort study that followed the neuromotor and cognitive development of 194 very low birth weight preterm infants discharged from a public neonatal intensive care unit. The Bayley Scale of Infant Development (second edition) at 12 months of corrected age was used. The outcomes were the results of the clinical/neurological evaluation and the scores of the psychomotor development index (PDI) and mental development index (MDI) of the Bayley Scale of Infant Development II. The association between neonatal sepsis and neuromotor development and between neonatal sepsis and cognitive development was verified by logistic regression analysis.Resultsmean birth weight was 1,119 g (SD: 247) and mean gestational age was 29 weeks and 6 days (SD: 2). Approximately 44.3%(n = 86) of the infants had neonatal sepsis and 40.7% (n = 79) had abnormal neuromotor development and/or abnormal psychomotor development index (PDI < 85) at 12 months of corrected age. On the mental scale, 76 (39.1%) children presented abnormal cognitive development (MDI < 85). Children with neonatal sepsis were 2.5 times more likely to develop changes in neuromotor development (OR: 2.50; CI: 1.23‐5.10). There was no association between neonatal sepsis and cognitive development impairment.Conclusionneonatal sepsis was an independent risk factor for neuromotor development impairment at 12 months of corrected age, but not for mental development impairment.     

Prevalence and risk factors associated with wheezing in the first year of life

Objectiveto investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with wheezing in infants in the first year of life.Methodsthis was a cross-sectional study, in which a validated questionnaire (Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactantes - International Study of Wheezing in Infants - EISL) was applied to parents of infants aged between 12 and 15 months treated in 26 of 85 primary health care units in the period between 2006 and 2007. The dependent variable, wheezing, was defined using the following standards: occasional (up to two episodes of wheezing) and recurrent (three or more episodes of wheezing). The independent variables were shown using frequency distribution to compare the groups. Measures of association were based on odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval of 95% (95% CI), using bivariate analysis, followed by multivariate analysis (adjusted OR [aOR]).Resultsa total of 1,029 (37.7%) infants had wheezing episodes in the first 12 months of life; of these, 16.2% had recurrent wheezing. Risk factors for wheezing were family history of asthma (OR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.76-2.54) and six or more episodes of colds (OR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.91-2.97) and pneumonia (OR = 3.02; 95% CI: 2.43-3.76). For recurrent wheezing, risk factors were: familial asthma (aOR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.22–2.46); early onset wheezing (aOR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.75-3.75); nocturnal symptoms (aOR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.75-3.75), and more than six colds (aOR = 2.07; 95% CI 1.43- .00).Conclusionthe main risk factors associated with wheezing in Fortaleza were respiratory infections and family history of asthma. Knowing the risk factors for this disease should be a priority for public health, in order to develop control and treatment strategies.     

福建地区女童特发性中枢性性早熟危险因素分析

目的 探讨福建地区女童特发性中枢性性早熟(ICPP)发生的主要危险因素.方法 采用病例-对照研究,选择2011年10月至2013年10月在福建省福州儿童医院内分泌科确诊为ICPP的女童566例以及来源于体检中心的健康女童547例作为研究对象,对儿童的饮食情况、行为方面、父母及家庭情况进行问卷调查,并对相关因素进行Logistic回归分析.结果 单因素分析发现23个变量差异有统计学意义.Logistic回归分析,最终进入模型的变量:母亲初潮年龄＞13岁(B=-1.28,SE =0.17,Wald=59.82,OR=0.278,95％CI:0.201 ～0.384,P＜0.001)、摄入有机水果(B=-1.15,SE=0.36,Wald=10.51,OR=0.316,95％ CI:0.157～0.634,P=0.001)、每天运动时间(B=-0.50,SE=0.11,Wald=19.74,OR=0.609,95％ CI:0.490 ～0.758,P＜0.001)、普通蔬菜(B=0.24,SE=0.08,Wald=9.79,OR=1.275,95％ CI:1.095 ～1.485,P=0.002)、普通家畜(B =0.31,SE =0.07,Wald=22.35,OR=1.364,95％ CI:1.199 ～1.551,P＜0.001)、体质量指数(B =0.47,SE=0.08,Wald=33.74,OR=1.599,95％ CI:1.365 ～1.874,P＜0.001)、父母月收入总和(B=0.51,SE =0.12,Wald=17.89,OR=1.671,95％CI:1.317 ～2.120,P＜0.001)、自觉课业负担沉重(B=0.60,SE=0.25,Wald=5.87,OR=1.818,95％ CI:1.121～2.948,P=0.015)、各种方便食品(快食面)(B=1.10,SE =0.45,Wald=5.96,OR=2.990,95％ CI:1.241～7.203,P=0.015)、服用营养品(B=1.32,SE=0.30,Wald=18.93,OR=3.736,95％ CI:2.063～6.765,P＜0.001)、经常使用成人洗漱护肤品(B=1.67,SE=0.25,Wald =44.5,OR=5.284,95％CI:3.240～8.618,P＜0.001).其中母亲初潮年龄＞13岁、摄入有机水果、每天运动时间长是ICPP的保护因素,其他均为ICPP的危险因素.结论 福建地区女童ICPP相关因素众多,其发病与母亲初潮年龄、饮食行为习惯、体质量指数、家庭经济状况及学习压力相关.     

心房颤动射频消融术后心包积液的处理及危险因素分析

目的 探讨心房颤动(房颤)患者导管射频消融术后发生心包积液的处理并分析其相关危险因素.方法 156例房颤患者[男108例,女48例,阵发性房颤114例,平均年龄(57.6±11.3)岁]在三维标测系统及环状标测电极导管指导下行射频消融治疗[包括环肺静脉电隔离、线性消融及(或)碎裂电位消融],记录消融过程、部位、时间等因素,对术后证实出现心包积液的患者根据不同情况(心脏压塞或单纯心包积液)进行不同处理,并门诊随访心脏超声等.对可能影响术后出现单纯心包积液的因素进行分析.结果 所有156例患者均完成肺静脉电隔离,共有16例(10.3%)出现心包积液,其中1例(0.6%)术后即刻出现心脏压塞,予心包穿刺后开胸探查抢救好转,随访18个月无特殊;另15例(9.6%)术后出现少量心包积液但无心脏压塞表现(单纯心包积液组),经保守治疗后好转,其中6例患者的心包积液在术后3个月消失,而另外9例则在术后6个月消失.单因素分析发现,单纯心包积液组与无心包积液组在性别组成(P<0.01)、有无行冠状静脉窦消融(P=0.026)、有无行碎裂电位消融(P=0.037)、有无行上腔静脉消融(P=0.041)等方面差异有统计学意义.Logistic多因素回归分析发现,女性[B=3.594,exp(b)=36.4,95%CI:4.2-312.1,P=0.001]、行冠状静脉窦消融[B=2.419,exp(b)=11.2,95%CI:1.0～124.6,P=0.049]是术后出现单纯心包积液的独立危险因素.结论 房颤射频消融术后心包积液的发生率较高,但绝大部分并不出现心脏压塞,可经保守治疗得到改善,而不需要进一步有创治疗.女性及行冠状静脉窦消融是术后出现单纯心包积液的独立危险因素,房颤射频消融时应谨慎对待该部位的消融,以减少术后心包积液的发生.